The Feminist Movement Development Essay Example for Free

The Feminist Movement Development EssayDifferent sources offer different information regarding exactly when the feminist movement started. Some references responsibility that the feminism thought dates back to the sixth century BC. The New internationalist (1992) states There have always been independent feminists. In sixth century BC Greece, Sappho wrote lesbian poetry and ran a girls school. The fifteenth century French writer Christine de Pisan is now regarded as a feminist thinker.In the seventeenth century slope adventurer and political activist Aphra Benn was getting embroiled in the West Indian slave rebellion and writing 13 novels. The radical way in which some men were thinking during the Age of Reason incidentally changed attitudes towards women. Thinkers like Newton, Locke, Voltaire and Diderot believed that science and reason could explain the world. They began to analyze women in barriers of what they deemed natural kinda than what was divinely ordained.This was not necessarily better for women. From the 17th century onwards below are the major feminist movement developments according to the New Internationalist (1992). Women played a major role in the 1789 French Revolution and the ideal of Republican Motherhood took shape. But, some argued, if women had the task of bringing up the parvenue citizens, they should also have status. Feminist pamphlets proliferated. In her Rights of Woman, Olympe de Gourges wrote Woman is born free and her rights are the same as those of manif women have the right to go to the scaffold, they moldiness also have the right to go to Parliament. Parisian women formed political clubs and associations to campaign on issues affecting them. But the male leaders of the Revolution were fundamentally hostile and in 1793 they outlawed all womens clubs. A womans place was in the home, they ruled. This hostility persisted through the nineteenth century. The Napoleonic Code gave all management of family coin to the hu sband. Not until 1909 did French women have control over their own earnings.Not until 1944 did they get the vote. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (2004) states the below developments on feminism from the 1800s onwards In the mid-1800s the term feminism was used to refer to the qualities of females, and it was not until after the First International Womens Conference in Paris in 1892 that the term, following the French term feministe, was used regularly in English for a belief in and advocacy of equal rights for women based on the idea of the equality of the sexes.Although the term feminism in English is rooted in the mobilization for woman suffrage in Europe and the US during the late 19th and early 20th century, of blood efforts to obtain justice for women did not begin or end with this period of activism. So some have found it useful to think of the womens movement in the US as occurring in waves. On the wave model, the struggle to achieve basic political rights during th e period from the mid-19th century until the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 counts as First Wave feminism.Feminism waned between the two world wars, to be revived in the late 1960s and early 1970s as arcminute Wave feminism. In this second wave, feminists pushed beyond the early quest for political rights to fight for greater equality across the board, e. g. , in education, the workplace, and at home. More new-made transformations of feminism have resulted in a Third Wave.

Dell Essay Example for Free

dingle Es set up4. Is dells outline working? What is your assessment of the financial per figure of speechance that Dells strategy has delivered during fiscal years 2000-2008? Use the financial ratios presented in the Appendix of the text (pages 240-241) as a basis for doing your calculations and drawing conclusions about Dells performance.Selected fiscal Statement Data for Dell Inc., Fiscal Years 2000 2008 (in million, except per share data) February 1, 2008 February 2, 2007 February 3, 2006 January 28, 2005 January 30, 2004 February 1, 2002 January 28, 2000 Results of Operations Net Revenue 61,133 57,420 55,788 49,121 41,327 31,168 25,265 Cost of Revenue 49,462 47,904 45,897 40,103 33,764 25,661 20,047 uncouth Margin 11,671 9,516 9,891 9,018 7,563 5,507 5,218 Gross Profit Margin 19. 1% 16.6% 17.7% 18.4% 18.3% 17.7% 20.7% Operating Expenses + Selling, general and administrative 7,538 5,948 5,051 4,352 3,604 2,784 2,387 + Research, development and engineering 693 498 458 460 434 452 374 + Special charges - - - - - 482 194 agree operating expenses 8,231 6,446 5,509 4,812 4,038 3,718 2,955 Total operating expenses as a % of net revenues 13.5% 11.2% 9.9% 9.8% 9.8% 10.4% 10.9% Operating Income 3,440 3,070 4,382 4,206 3,525 1,789 2,263 Operating profit margin 5.6% 5.3% 7.9% 8.6% 8.5% 5.7% 9.0% Investment and other income (loss), net 387 275 226 197 186 (58) 188 Income before income taxes extraordinary loss, and cumulative effect of change in account statement principle 3,827 3,345 4,608 4,403 3,711 1,731 2,451 Provision for income taxes 880 762 1,006 1,385 1,086 485 785 Net Income 2,947 2,583 3,602 3,018 2,625 1,246 1,666 Net profit margin 4.8% 4.5% 6.5% 6.1% 6.4% 4.0% 6.6% Earnings per common share radical 1.33 1.15 1.50 1.201.02 0.48 0.66 Diluted 1.31 1.14 1.47 1.18 1.01 0.46 0.61 Weighted average shares outstanding Basic 2,223 2,255 2,403 2,509 2,565 2,602 2,536 Diluted 2,247 2,271 2,449 2,568 2,619 2,726 2,728 Cash Flow and Balance S heet Data Net cash provided by operating activities 3,949 3,969 4,751 5,821 3,670 3,797 3,926 Cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments 7,972 10,298 9,070 9,807 11,922 8,287 6,853 Total assets 27,561 25,635 23,252 23,215 19,311 13,535 11,560 bulky-term debt 362 569 625 505 505 520 508Total stockholders equity 3,735 4,328 4,047 6,485 6,280 4,694 5,308Profitability Ratios January 28, 2000 February 1, 2002 January 30, 2004 January 28, 2005 February 3, 2006 February 2, 2007 February 1, 2008 Gross Profit Margin 20.7% 17.7% 18.3% 18.4% 17.7% 16.6% 19.1% Operating Profit Margin 9.0% 5.7% 8.5% 8.6% 7.9% 5.3% 5.6% Net Profit Margin 6.6% 4.0% 6.4% 6.1% 6.5% 4.5% 4.8%The chart shows the Profitability Ratios of Dell from 2000 to 2008. In general, from 2000 to 2008, the profit of Dell was quite stable. As we stooge see, Dells strategy is still working and makes a lot of money for Dell ein truth(prenominal) year. However, at that place was no remarkable increase. The net profit margin has been about 5% during Fiscal Years 2000 2008. January 28, 2000 February 1, 2002 January 30, 2004 January 28, 2005 February 3, 2006 February 2, 2007 February 1, 2008 Return on total assets (ROA) 14.4% 9.2% 13.6% 13.0% 15.5% 10.1% 10.7% Return on Stockholders Equity (ROE) 31.4% 26.5% 41.8% 46.5%89.0% 59.7% 78.9% Return on invested capital (ROI) 28.6% 23.9% 38.7% 43.2% 77.1% 52.7% 71.9%The chart indicates ROA, ROE and ROI of Dell from 2000 to 2008. From 2000 to 2008, ROA has been stable because Dell built a lot of manufactory. However, ROE and ROI had very magnificent increase since 2000. In 2006, ROE reached the peak 89% and ROI reached the peak 77.1%. It proved that Dell has used the monetary capital invested in its operations and the returns to those investments very effectively. January 28, 2000 February 1, 2002 January 30, 2004 January 28, 2005 February 3, 2006 February 2, 2007 February 1, 2008 Long term debt to capital ratio 0.09 0.10 0.07 0.07 0.13 0.12 0.09 Long te rm debt to equity ratio 0.10 0.11 0.08 0.08 0.15 0.13 0.10The chart shows 2 leverage ratios of Dell Long-term debt to capital ratio and presbyopic term debt to equity ratio. These ratios are quite important because they measure creditworthiness and balance sheet strength. As we can see, all the ratios were very low, under 0.2 which had very soundly effect to the creditworthiness and balance sheet strength. Besides that, they could also help Dell to borrow additional funds if needed.In conclusionThrough the analysis, we can say that Dells strategy is still effective. It helps Dell to earn a lot of money both year. However, although Dell has gained profit during Fiscal Years 2000 2008, there was no remarkable increase in profit and it seemed to be stable. Dells strategy has been very successful when it helped the company to control the cost very well and run the company very smoothly.5. What does a SWOT analysis reveal about the attractiveness of Dells situation in 2008?Dell SWOT analysisStrengths* Worlds largest PC maker.* One of the best known brands in the world.* First PC maker to offer next-day, on-site harvest-festival service. * come out to guest business model. Uses latest technology. * Dell has remarkably low operating cost relative to revenue because it cuts out the retailer and supplies directly to the customers. * Dells Direct Model approach enables the company to offer direct relationships with customers such as corporate and institutional customers. * Dells direct customer allows it to provide top-notch customer service before and after the sale. * Each Dell system is built to order to meet each customers specifications. Reliability, serve up and Support. * Dell boasts a very efficient procurement, manufacturing and distribution process allowing it to offer customers powerful systems at competitive values.* Dell is able to introduce the latest applicable technology compared to companies using the indirect distribution channels. * Dell is not a manufacturer Components are made by the suppliers and Dell assembles the reckoners using relatively trashy labor. The finished goods are then dropped off with the customer by courier. Dell has total command of the supply chain. * Dell turns over inventory for an average of every six days, keeping inventory costs low. * Dell is enhancing and broadening the fundamental competitive advantages of the direct model by increasingly applying the efficiencies of the Internet to its entire business. failing* A huge range of products and components from many suppliers from various countries. * Computer maker and not the computer manufacturer, making DELL unable to switch supply. * Dell lacked hard dealer / retailer relationships.* No propriety technology* Not attracting the college student segment of the market. Dells sales revenue from educational institutions such as colleges only accounts for a merely 5% of the total. * Dells focus on the corporate and government institutional cus tomers somehow affected its ability to form relationshipswith educational institutions. * For home users, Dells direct method and customization approach drived problems. For one, customers cannot go to retailers because Dell does not use distribution channels. * Customers just cant buy Dell as simply as other brands because each product is custom-built according to their specifications and this might take days to finish. Opportunities* diversification strategy by introducing many new products to its range. * Personal computers are becoming a necessity now more than ever. Customers are getting more and more educated about computers. Second- season buyers would most likely avail of Dells custom-built computers because as their knowledge grows, so do their need to experiment or use some additional computer features. * The internet also provides Dell with greater opportunities since all they have to do now is to visit Dells website to place their order or to get information. * Since Dell does not have retail stores, the online stores would surely make up for its absence. It is also more convenient for customers to make online than to actually drive and do purchase at a physical store. Threats* Competitive rivalry that exists in the PC market globally. * New entrants to the market pose potential threats.* The threat to become outmoded is a pulsating reality in a computer business. * Price difference among brands is getting smaller.* Dells Direct Model attracts customers because it saves cost. Since other companies are able to offer computers at low costs, this could threaten Dells price-conscious growing customer base. * With almost identical prices, price difference is no longer an issue for a customer. They might choose other brands instead of waiting for Dells customized computers. * The growth rate of the computer industry is also slowing down. Today, Dell has the biggest share of the market. If the demand slows down, the competition will become stiffer in the process. Dell has to work doubly hard to cross off itself from its substitutes to be able to continue holding a significant market share.= Technological advancement is a double-edge sword. It is an opportunitybut at the same time a threat. Low-cost leadership strategy is no longer an issue to computer companies therefore it is important for Dell to stand out from the rest.6. Which company is competitively strongerDell or Hewlett-Packard? Use the weighted competitive strength assessment methodology shown in Table 4.2 of Chapter 4 to support your answer.

Descartes vs. Spinoza Essay Example for Free

Descartes vs. de de Spinoza EssayWhat I pull up stakes do in this following paper is to discuss two rattling interesting philosophers, Rene Descartes and Benedictus de Spinoza. I will discuss each philosophers perspectives and insights on their most recognized theories and thoughts. I will thusly evaluate them and then hand my opinion on the given topic. By doing this, I will contrast the similarities and differences between the two genius minds. By the give up of the paper I will afford discarded some imaginations and opinions from each of the two and will have my own judgment that consists of thoughts from Spinoza, Descartes and my self put together. Themes On Descartes Existence of perfection- Descartes ken bingle of the most famous and debatable theories Descartes had was his proof of the existence of deity. He had for steps on the ladder to prove this. 1) Everything including our ideas has a cause. 2) We have an idea of God. 3) Nothing little than God is adequate to be the cause of our idea of God. An lastly 4) Therefore God exists. My View Considering the fact that Descartes was a rationalist and a very sacred man, you groundwork see why he would desperately try to make wiz of everything, including God.I believe his proof that he has laid out for us that God exists is false. What Descartes is trying to tell us is that our idea of God knows directly from God himself and that we rearnot hit something in our minds that we have not already witnessed by our senses. just now I believe we can implant the idea of God in our minds without God planting it for us. Since man has been on this planet, we have been evolving. I believe our idea of God is a collection of thoughts and ideas that has evolved. Ideas such as security, peace, direction, order, separating good and evil, questions to our existence, comfort, space, answers to questions no one has.It is all these thoughts, ideas and more put together in our minds overtime that create this a ll mighty powerful being who have it aways all and is all that we call God. The U-Turn- Descartes View One of the aspects Descartes strived to find was certainty, searching for absolute foundation. He felt up in order to come across certainty we must first doubt everything we fill in. To help people comprehend his idea, he created the U-Turn as a opthalmic reference to sympathise. As we go down the U we first doubt common sense, then we doubt awake/sleep since he believes we cant distinguish the difference.We continue to go down the U by doubting mathematics because there could be an Evil Genius that tricks us into believing something untrue. At the bottom of this U we reach the point where nothing is certain except one thing according to Descartes, which is our existence. He says I think, therefore I am, which means the only if thing we can be certain about is our own existence. He then stops and says if we exist, then there must be a God, and this is where the U takes its t urn and moves upwards.He then says if God exists he would not deceive us because he is all loving and caring, therefore we have no reason to doubt mathematics, followed by ourselves (body/mind) and lastly we can then be certain about the physical world, no need to doubt it. My View I find this to be an interesting concept that Descartes has formulated in his mind, one that is most definitely worth thinking about and taking into consideration. further in my point of view, there is a break in his chain. From the moment he mentions we doubt being awake and asleep is where I think his U-Turn collapses.Descartes says we can not distinguish the difference between the two, provided thats only true to a certain point. As humans we have logic, common sense and we are aware of most of the knowledge we obtain. We know that we live a life every day and that we need rest every night and we know that sleeping is a form of rest which sometimes includes bizarre, twisted, chaotic scenarios which we call dreams or nightmares. The argument he made on this segment of his U-Turn concept was only half true. He was right on the fact that we can not distinguish the difference when in a dream state but awry(p) on the idea that same goes for when we are awake.As human begins we may not be able to have any reasoning, logic or understand the fact that we are dreaming but when we are not dreaming we can logically know we are awake and be able to know the difference between awake/sleep which means we dont have to doubt common sense or mathematics anymore. If this is the case then Descartes U-Turn theory is wrong and the idea that the only thing we can be certain about is our own existence is false. Themes On SpinozaConception of God- Spinozas View Spinoza went on a whole different direction when it came to God. Up to his point in time most people believed in a transcendent God, this meant that they believed in a face-to-face God that was all loving, caring and would not deceive us hu man beings. People would prey to this personal God for various things like comfort and security, but Spinoza had his own belief. His conception was quite different from that of anyone else. His conception of God was non-personal (Non- Transcendent) and was the totality of everything that is immanent.He explained that our infinite Universe is one that has no outside and is also one big web where everything in it is connected. What he is basically trying to say is that God=Nature, God is the totality of everything that is. My View Spinozas conception of God is quite absurd. There may or may not be a God but if there is, it is definitely not the totality of everything that is. The meaning of God is a higher supreme being that would have a higher soul than humans. There is a difference between nature and God.I feel nature is more on the lines of what he is trying to say but uses the article God. God can not be everything that is because then that would mean we are part of the make u p of God and that is absurd. How can everything in the human beings that has no conception of God be a part of God? His thoughts and ideas on this subject dont add up in the end and dont seem like an acceptable solution to the questions revolving around God. Ethics On Interconnected Self- Spinozas View Spinoza said that license of choice is an illusion and that everything that happens is part of a necessary order witch is completely rational.My View If freedom of choice is an illusion and everything is already set to happen before it occursthen why are we making choices in the first place? I believe we do have freedom of choice and that we set our own destiny. Everything will be set but is not set yet. We must make choices and decisions to get to where we want to or do not want to. This can be compared to a video game, the programmer and the player. The programmer sets al these scenarios, levels, obstacles, directions and gives the gamer various choices to make.The player goes t hrough these obstacles, and makes choices where many possibilities are presented to him/her. ultimately the game will finish one way or the other with the choices that the player makes. All these various different possibilities were laid out (each which had its own outcome) but the player made the decision to get to where he/she is now. Overall Comparison After taking in everything these two philosophers have presented and evaluating their ideas, I have come up with my own thoughts. I believe Descartes had a much more reasonable and acceptable point of view than Spinoza.Descartes thoughts and concepts were easier to understand and coupe with. I disagree a lot with both of the two but my mind has a greater understanding of Descartes perspective. Spinoza was so special in his own way because of his peculiar ideas but his concepts on God and ethics seemed to furthest fetch. Descartes seemed to be on a perfect track until he took a couple things too far like God, trying to prove his existence. If we are to gain knowledge through sense experience then technically we have no knowledge of God, jus a compound of thoughts and ideas to create such a being.Overall I like Descartes philosophical way of thinking more than any other philosopher and feel we can learn a lot from him including helping ourselves to think in a more abstract philosophical manner. Sources Of Information 1) A History of Western ism Hobbes to Hume (Second Edition) 2) individual. utoronto. ca/mtlin/god. pdf 3) www. utm. edu/research/iep/s/spinoza. htm 4) http//serendip. brynmawr. edu/Mind/17th. html 5) www. trincoll. edu/depts/phil/philo/phils/descartes. html 6) www. connect. net/ron/descartes. html.

Study on the Relationship Between Stress and Illness

Study on the Relationship Between Stress and IllnessSymptoms of hear toilette be evident in different ways including physically, emotionally or mentally. This is dependent on what is causing the stress to occur.PhysicalA stressful feature usher out cause the body to display various symptoms including tension headaches, inability to sleep, raised blood pressure, problems with the digestive system, nervousness, alopecia, and strokes. A cause of physical stress could be a car accident or starvation such(prenominal) as that associated with eating disorders.EmotionalStress which affects the mind fag cause emotional responses such as anxiety, depression and irritability, inability to cope with day to day situations, memory loss and an inability to concentrate. Emotional stress could be caused by a bereavement. affableA psyche who experiences long term stress may develop psychological problems. This butt manifest as social isolation, phobias, compulsive behaviours and eating disorde rs such as everyplace eating for comfort. Mental stress can be caused by the person having a bad day at work.Stressors, the cause of stress, can be described as situations that are experienced as a perceived threat to ones well world or position in life, when the challenge of relations with which, exceeds the persons perceived available resources.When a person experiences stressors the body responds with difference or flight. This reception triggers the release of adrenaline and cortisol which increase the heart rate and decrease the digestion rate. The bodys blood supply is diverted to the large muscles providing a burst of energy and strength. The reaction lasts for the duration of the perceived danger and the body returns to normal. The reaction may not completely diminish in someone experiencing chronic stress which can lead to long term health problems.The general adaptation syndrome (GAS) was described by Hans De Selye during the 1920s. It is the short and long term react ion of the body to stress and is a three stage process.The first stage of GAS is called the alarm reaction. During this stage the fight or flight response is activated within the body as an immediate reaction to the stressful situation. This response can lead to the person world susceptible to illness due to their immune system being suppressed.The second stage of GAS is called adaptation. Continued stress causes the body to adapt to the cause of stress to reduce the effects on the body. This could be the situation for someone with an eating disorder whose body adapts to absorb the maximum nutrients from the food eaten or to conserve energy.The troika stage of GAS is called exhaustion where the body has been open(a) to a stressor for a prolonged period of time and is no longer able to deal with the stress. The termination in the body could be severe limitation in the ability of the immune system to fight disease and the person may experience cardiac arrest.The general adaptation syndrome identifies three stages of reaction to stressful situations an individual may experience. This theory identifies that the more prolonged the exposure to stress is the more severe the reaction is in terms of their health. A strength of GAS is that if an individual is aware of the processes involved they will be able to seek help before their symptoms hold up life threatening. This would rely on the person being able to come in that intervention is needed at the earliest opportunity. A limitation of the theory is that whilst identifying the stages a person may experience it does not offer any solutions to alleviate the stress.Friedman and Rosenman (1974) identified two types of personality relating to how individuals respond to stress. Type A personalities were identified as being impatient, competitive, ambitious, aggressive they may also experience difficulty in relaxing. A person with Type B personality was identified as being less driven, more easy-going, patient and able to relax. Friedman and Rosenman carried out question over 8 years monitoring the health and lifestyle of 3500 healthy men. The take cerebrate that a person with Type A personality had a significantly change magnitude risk of developing coronary heart disease.This study showed that the population can be divided into two distinct groups of personality traits. A persons reaction to stress is according to this study directly related to the personality type the person has.This theory is limited by the need to know the personality type a person is in order to identify if they are at an increased risk of developing health concerns related to stress. An advantage of this theory is that by being aware of the personality type strategies can be put into fix to prevent stress from causing health problems.Brady (1958) conducted a behavioural stress study on monkeys. The monkeys were paired and strapped into chairs before being given electric shocks each 20 seconds. Each monkey had lev ers and lights which warned them of the imminent shock. One monkey the executive was able to use a lever to prevent the shock from being administered. The otherwise monkey yoked was not able to regard the shock. The executive monkey experienced stress in having to press the lever at the correct time. Brady found that over a period of time the executive monkeys developed gastric ulcers and may have died up to now the yoked monkeys did not develop ulcers as they did not experience the same(p) level of stress due to their behaviour not influencing the administration of the shock.This study was conducted on monkeys not humans who may have reacted differently to the stressor the executive monkeys were exposed to. The response in humans might not have been so severe in that they may not have died. The study was not have-to doe with with the welfare of the monkeys used. The limitation of this study is that by conducting it on monkeys it is not necessarily accurate to relate the results to human stress as the results could have been different. An advantage of this study could be that forced behaviour has been identified as a cause of stress which can cause health issues.Marmot et al (1997) conducted research into a cognitive approach to stress. The aim of the study was to establish if a lack of control in the workplace caused an increase in the occurrence of stress related illness. The research was conducted over a period of three years using over 10,000 civil servants. Self report questionnaires were completed to assess the level of job control the participants had. There were also assessments carried out by personnel managers. The researchers then compared the results to incidence of stress related illness. The study found that workers with less work control were at a significant increased risk of dying from a heart attack than those with more control. The workers with less control were also found to be more likely to have other stress related illnesses.A limita tion of this research into a cognitive approach to stress is that the study focussed on one specific group of workers whilst the results indicated that stress related illness increased among those with the least control in the work environment the study does not identify if this is true for the entire population. An advantage is that the study could be applied and repeated in other workplaces to identify if there is a lack of control matt-up by employees. This would allow employers to increase the level of control with the aim of preventing stress related illnesses.In conclusion it is possible that all areas discussed show how stress can affect us and can cause illness as a result. Stress caused through a combination of cognitive and behavioural factors creates physiological symptoms which in turn have a harmful effect on our body.The human body is able to adapt to a certain level of stress however if the stress continues long term it can have a disastrous effect on the body.

The environmental entrepreneurship

The environmental entrepreneurshipIntroductionGeneral BackgroundEco-preneurship refers to the environmental entrepreneurship who atomic number 18 equanimous towards coming up with sustainable problem ideas (Libecap, 2009, p.34). EcoPreneurs indeed identify environmental challenges and therefore develop environmental products and services which provide aid in closure both the line of reasoning and environmental challenges by providing a sustainable beginning. The main competitive advantage for Eco-preneurship businesses is the fact that they be able to utilize sustainable options in faculty, barbarian direction and other spectra of the ecosystem.Identification of the problemIt is indeed emerging that most of the business ventures today are only interested in pelf and growth without due concern on positive environmental impacts. It is this problem that gives rise to a set of sustainable business solutions provided by the EcoPreneurs. This paper shall test to enlist the ben efits of an eco-preneurship business venture.Statement of PurposeEco-preneurship determines companies more environmentally responsible for their actions. In the recent past, there has been an outcry over the ampere-second outpouring menace. some(prenominal) conferences have yielded the Kyoto Protocol which aims at making industries more environment sensitive in their work and general operation.There are various principles that hold eco-preneurship business ventures towards their sustainable business solutions. These principles are aimed at diminution energy waste as well as carbon dismissal. Businesses must recognize the fact that they owe a responsibility to the environment in which they operate in and must therefore develop sustainable solutions towards tackling problems related to waste management, energy needs, carbon emission, unsafe chemical usage as well as air pollution.What is imperative to consider is the fact that most of the eco-preneurship business ventures deri ve many benefits as a result of their eco-friendly business operations. This paper succinctly looks into the benefits that eco-preneurship has both to itself and the macror environment in which it operates.Main BodyAs earlier mentioned, eco-preneurship refers to environmental entrepreneurship. Eco-preneurship usually has a competitive advantage that they draw from being environmentally sensitive. Indeed, there are many benefits that the eco-preneurship business ventures enjoy.Isaak (1999, p.11) reveals that eco-preneurship enjoys a good composition due to their initiatives towards maintaining a sustainable environment. This advantage gives eco-preneurships a competitive advantage against competitors hence these companies are able to amass a large number of customers, both existing and new customers. With the large number of customers among the eco-preneurship ventures, there volition be increased sales volumes which translate into profitable business ventures.Eco-preneurship ensu res that carbon emissions are thin outd to negligible levels. Carbon emission is the main concern of every major company in the world today. Following the Kyoto Protocol, companies are required to be more vigilant in reducing their carbon emission. Since eco-preneurship is poised towards providing sustainable environmental solutions, reducing carbon emission has been at their foresight. Eco-preneurships therefore reduce carbon emission through with(predicate) reduced transportation. These companies are able to introduce environmentally sound solutions towards reducing transportation by utilizing the topically available material for their production lines hence reducing the need to secure such items from a distant location.According to Schaltegger and Wagner (2006, p.47), the environment is full of eco-opportunities which would provide a just in time solution to the problems that the environment encounters on a day-to-day basis. For instance, considering McDonalds, a large hamburg er restaurant found in most parts of the world such a company could utilize locally supplied chicken and other food stuffs that it requires in its production process. Moreover, this depart lead to the growth of small and medium enterprises in the countries of operation. Therefore, the eco-preneurship will be able to get sustainable environmentally sound solutions and effectively reducing the carbon emission menace. Alternatively, using solar or roll up energy also helps reduce the carbon emission. Most eco-preneurships make practice session of these energy sources for the benefit of their environment.On the other hand, eco-preneurship is able to reduce the amount of hazardous chemical usage. Many eco-preneurships usually make use of chemicals that are not harmful to the environment. Chemical use at bottom companies usually finds its way into the environment, either through seepage or intentionally (Folmer Tietenberg, 2005, p.114). These chemicals causal agent huge environment al damage to crops and living organisms. Eco-preneurships therefore reduce the amount of hazardous chemical usage. Chemicals that are use within the eco-preneurship business ventures should be well-tried and properly handled so as to reduce the chances of releasing them into the environment.Energy and resource efficiency is another benefit that the eco-preneurships have. Eco-preneurships usually seek sustainable energy use in order to ensure that there is limited energy loss during the production of goods and services. The preserved energy is thus channeled towards meeting other energy requirements within the venture.A good example of advanced-octane energy use by the eco-preneurships, is the use of solar and wind powers. These are sustainable and renewable energy resources which are believably to lead to reduced carbon emission. These sources of energy are usually considered to be clean. The advantage of this is that, the eco-preneurship will incur fewer costs in their energy u se since they will have depended on sustainable and renewable energy sources. Saving is a major advantage and benefit that eco-preneurships derive from their sustainable environmental solutions and should therefore uphold these values (Isaak, 1998, p.16).In addition, eco-preneurship ensures that there is an effective waste management system in place so that any wastes that emanate from the business venture is indeed managed properly, hence reducing the amount of environmental pollution. Industrial waste is a headache to most of the businesses. Eco-preneurship therefore provides a sustainable solution towards this dilemma. As such, eco-preneurships are largely competitive due to the fact that they introduce sustainable waste management systems which effectively deal with the environmental challenges pertaining to waste management (Schaper, 2005, p.63).An example of a waste management system that the eco-preneurship puts in place is found in the sugarcane factories. The bargase which is the waste obtained from crushing the sugarcane is used to mother energy. The bargase is burned in chambers that produce energy that is later channeled towards turning turbines. The turbines produce electricity cheaply for use within the company. Some of the sugarcane waste is also decomposed and used as manure by the farmers. Hence, there is limited waste in eco-preneurship.Both solid and liquid wastes are effectively managed in the eco-preneurships. There is a well managed system that ensures that solid wastes are treated first before being released into the environment. Hence, eco-preneurships are environmentally sensitive thus garnering back up for such companies among world leaders.Eco-preneurship makes efficient use of water resources. Water is increasingly becoming scarce in the dynamic weather climate that we continue to experience. Therefore, this calls for efficient use of water. Eco-preneurships are beneficial since they put in place systems that ensure that there is efficient use of water resources. For example, in the sugarcane factory, water that is used to clean the factory is channeled towards irrigating the crops hence ensuring limited water wastage.In addition, eco-preneurships ensure that there is less air pollution. This is because of the sustainable and renewable energy that the companies use. For instance, solar and wind power are clean energy sources thus less air pollution to the environment. This is beneficial to the eco-preneurships since they are likely to gain international recognition that will boost their image internationally hence the company will witness an increase in customer volumes (Libecap, 2009, p.28). The large pool of customers will reciprocate to high sales volume and therefore more profitability for the eco-preneurships.Eco-preneurships are socially responsible since they promote sustainable environmental solutions and as such are adore as being socially sensitive. The eco-preneurships through their environmental awareness creation are likely to increase opportunities that are available for the employment of various force out. These personnel will be deployed in the environment department so as to support the core values of the eco-preneurships.Folmer and Tietenberg (2005, p.34) argue that the alternative use of energy solutions is likely to save the company financial resources that will be used in employing more staff to ensure a sustainable business environment. Many times, the Eco-preneurships will be concerned with finding better ways of managing the environment and thus the need for more innovation which can only be realized through injecting new human resources into their systems.ConclusionEco-preneurships are therefore bent towards ensuring a clean environment for the benefit of the community within. The environmental entrepreneurs also help to reduce carbon emission through the use of renewable energy sources that emanate from solar and wind power. These energy sources therefore he lp to reduce the costs of production as well, hence leading to more profitability for the eco-preneurships.It is a known fact that eco-preneurships usually have the best waste management systems in place. As such, this helps to reduce pollution within the operating environment. Carbon emission remains the biggest challenge for most companies (Isaak, 1999, p.64). However, Eco-preneurships have been able to effectively reduce carbon emission through the use of locally available raw materials in their production process and thus less transportation.Therefore, eco-preneurships will have a good reputation and a competitive edge against the other business ventures hence, this will lead to more customers and thus higher sales volumes. Profitability in this case will be inevitable. Companies should therefore be driven towards a sustainable environment so as to ensure that they are able to save costs as well as manage their wastes effectively.ReferencesFolmer, H., Tietenberg, T 2005, The in ternational yearbook of environmental and resourceeconomics 2005/2006 a survey of current issues, Edward Elgar Washington.Isaak, R 1998, Green logic ecopreneurship, theory and ethics, Greenleaf Sydney.Isaak, R.A 1999, Green logic ecopreneurship, theory, and ethics, Kumarian Press Michigan.Libecap, G.D 2009, Frontiers in Eco Entrepreneurship Research, Emerald Group PublishingEdinburgh.Schaltegger, S., Wagner, M 2006, Managing the business case for sustainability theintegration of social, environmental and economic performance, Greenleaf Michigan.Schaper, M 2005, making ecopreneurs developing sustainable entrepreneurship, AshgatePublishing, Ltd New York.

Aluminium Heat Capacities

Aluminium Heat CapacitiesAimThe aim of the experiment was to retard the specific light up capacities, with uncertainties, of devil different materials for the purposes of this experiment, it was chosen to be aluminiumIntroductionSpecific heat capacity is defined as the quantity of heat energy, which will raise the temperature of unit sens (1kg) of a substance by 1K. It is usually denoted by c and expressed in J/(kg.K). (Joule per kilogram Kelvin).So, what is the human relationship between heat and temperature?It is usually expressed Q = m c T Heat energy = mass x specific heat capacity x temperature change, (c) existence the specific heat capacity. The relationship will not happen if there is a phase change due to heat either being added or removed, does not change the temperatureQ to the change of temperature T is given by Q = m c T Where Q = the change in heat energy. is the enthalpy, m = the mass c = specific heat capacity T = the change of temperature. Unit Jkg-1K-1.High sp ecific capacities occur in substance that take a forget me drug of heat energy and therefore have a long time to heat or cool down. The specific heat capacity of the sea is much(prenominal) greater than the land, so therefore more heat energy will be needed to heat it up by the same amount as the land. From the relationship mass x specific thermal capacity x temperature / time = current (amps) x p.d. (volts) .The ratio temperature rise or time bum be gotten from the graph slope of temperature which was plotted against time and this is how thermal capacity can be met.HypothesisCan the chosen method of investigation evolve a reliable value for the specific heat capacity of a metal fold?MethodApparatus Calibrated thermometerpower pack, Stop clock, VoltmeterLeads, rest (up to 1kg),Ammeter, Immersion heater Test metalsHeat proof matt and laggingThe immersion heater was connected to the power pack, which was set to 10V. The voltmeter and ammeter were set up so that they measured the potential difference and current going through the heater. Next the mass of the sample was recorded using the balance and the immersion heater was fixed in the test sample, followed by the thermometer and an initial temperature reading. Simultaneously the power pack was turned on and the stop clock started, and the heater was left to run for two minutes prior to the first recording. Recordings were taken from the voltmeter and ammeter every minute for a total of 15 intervals. The collected data was gathered into a table with the spare-time activity headings Following this the data was used to produce a graph of energy against temperature difference, from which the specific heat capacity can be determined. passe-partout mass 987.8gx-axisOriginal temperature, T1 20oCY-axisTemperature, T2Temperature change, T2-T1Voltmeter, VAmmeter, ATime, sEnergy, J26611.164.151205557.6827711.184.121808291.09301011.174.1624011152.1333.513.511,164.1530013894.20371711.134.1836016748.42402011.134.1942 019586.57432311.144.2048022458.2446.526.511.134.2254025363.0449.529.511.154.2160028164.9052.532.511.154.2166030981.3955.535.511.134.2372033897.5358.538.511.124.2378036689.33624211.134.2384039547.1264.544.511.124.2490042433.9267.547.511.114.2296045008.8370.550.511.114.24102048048.53Results Table 1See graph 3 for a plot of Energy, Q against the temperature difference, T. From this graph the gradient will be determined and the specific heat capacity for the metal found.Gradient of graph 3 units units Specific heat capacity of the metalunits units destructionThe hypothesis of Can the chosen method of investigation produce a reliable value for the specific heat capacity of a metal block? has been met ,more will be said and evaluated below.Evaluation Accuracy can be improved by the method of conducting several iterations of the experiment to gather enough information to produce a mean value for the specific heat capacity. Furthermore, the temperature was recorded using a liquid in glass thermometer with an accuracy of +/- 0.5 this lead to share errors in the temperature readings ranging from 2.5%- from In order to reduce these errors future experiments will be carried out using more accurate thermometer.

West vs.World :: essays research papers fc

West vs. WorldEvery age , every culture, every custom and tradition has its own character, its own weakness and its own strength, its beauties and cruelties it accepts legitimate sufferings as matters of course, puts up patiently with certain evils. Human life is reduced to real suffering, to hell, only when two ages, two cultures and religions overlap. (Hermann Hesse.) It is difficult for any culture in the world to avoid the blending of cultures. In Marshal Sahlins essay, Two or Three Things I Know about Culture, he proved that to the highest degree all cultures are derived from another. Many countries do not agree with this theory because they believe that other customs, traditions are wrong and immoral. One the most criticize cultures in the world is Western Society. Although it is very well-known and widely practiced, it is still considered a deceiving, greedy and unethical the Western way is highly despised among different cultures. In Martha Nussbaum article, Judging Other Cultures The Case of Genital Mutilation she also mentions the loathing of Western union.Some may say that the Western capitalist state wants to be the superhero of the world. This society believes their way of living can improve any society that is suffering. However, the Western idea of suffering may not make sense to another culture. In fact, a culture with a different perception may even view the Western idea of success and happiness as suffering. This is a arguable topic that has been haunting cultures all over the world for a quite a long time. ethnocentric, a demonizing of another culture when we have many reasons to control fault in our own. (Nessbaum, page 2)In Judging Other Cultures The Case of Genital Mutilation Martha Nessbaum focuses on the practice of female genital mutilation and its controversy. Middle Eastern countries and Africa is where this effect is illegal but commonly practiced. If one decides that she does not want to go on with the tradition she will be f rowned upon among her society. Since FGM was proven that it can negatively coin a woman health more people have protested and been working hard to ban it. The Westerners are the main group involved in abolishing the practice. whence again, some are arguing that Westerners are contradicting themselves once again. the focus on this problem involves a Western glamorization of sexual pleasure that is inappropriate, especially when we imagine other cultures with different norms.